Updated Mar 12, 2022

What is United Nations Organisation?

What is United Nations Organisation?

 

 

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose mission is to promote international peace and security, foster cordial relations among nations, accomplish international collaboration, and serve as a focal point for nations' actions. It is the immense and most renowned global organization in the world. The United Nations has its headquarters on international territory in New York City, as well as major offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague.

 

After World War II, the United Nations was founded to prevent future hostilities, following the somewhat ineffectual League of Nations. On April 25, 1945, 50 states convened in San Francisco for a meeting and began drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on June 25, 1945, and went into effect on October 24, 1945, when the UN began operations. The organization's aims, according to the Charter, include maintaining international peace and security, defending human rights, providing humanitarian help, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law. The UN had 51 member states when it was founded; with the accession of South Sudan in 2011, membership has increased to 193, representing nearly all of the world's sovereign governments.

 

The aim of the organization to maintain international peace was challenged in its early decades by the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as their respective allies. Its missions have generally consisted of unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops performing monitoring, reporting, and confidence-building functions. Following widespread decolonization in the 1960s, UN membership rose dramatically. Since then, 80 former colonies, including 11 trust areas overseen by the Trusteeship Council, have attained independence. By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programs had vastly outstripped its budget for peacekeeping. Following the Cold War's end, the UN shifted and expanded its field activities, taking on a wide range of complicated duties.

 

 

The UN has six principal organs: 

 

• The General assembly

The General assembly is the United Nations' principal deliberative organ. It is made up of delegates from all Member States, who each have one vote.

 

• The Security Council

The Security Council has the primary duty under the Charter for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, each of whom has one vote. The Charter requires all Member States to comply with Council decisions.

 

• The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), a foundational UN Charter body established in 1946, is where the globe's economic, social, and environmental issues are debated, as well as policy suggestions published.

 

• The Trusteeship Council

The Trusteeship Council was created to offer international oversight for 11 Trust Territories and to ensure that proper preparations for self-government or independence were made.

 

• The International Court of Justice

The Trusteeship Council was established to offer international oversight for 11 Trust Territories and to ensure that proper preparations for self-government or independence were made.

 

• The UN Secretariat 

The UN Secretariat, which consists of staff from various nationalities working in duty stations all around the world, manages the Organization's day-to-day operations. The Secretariat provides support to the United Nations' other principal organs and administers the programs and policies adopted by them.

 

The United Nations System is comprised of numerous specialized agencies, funds, and programs, including the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF. Non-governmental groups may also be awarded consultative status with ECOSOC and other UN agencies to participate in the UN's work.

 

The secretary-general of the United Nations is António Guterres, a Portuguese politician, and diplomat who began his first five-year term on 1 January 2017 and was re-elected on 8 June 2021. The organization is funded through assessed and voluntary payments made by its member countries.

The UN's officers and agencies have received numerous Nobel Peace Prizes, yet other assessments of its efficiency have been divided. Some observers see the organization as a powerful force for peace and human development, while others see it as ineffective, biased, or corrupt.

 

 

Purpose of United Nations organization

 

• focuses On maintaining global peace and security, and to that end: to take appropriate actions to prevent and remove risks to the peace, and for the prevention of aggressive acts or other violations of the peace, as well as the adjustment or resolution of international problems or situations that may lead to a breach of the peace through peaceful means and under the principles of justice and international law;

 

• To foster friendly ties among states based on the principle of equal rights and peoples' self-determination, as well as to take other relevant actions to strengthen global peace;

 

 

• To achieve worldwide cooperation in resolving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian nature, as well as to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, regardless of race, gender, language, or religion.

 

• To serve as a focal point for nations' efforts to achieve these common goals

 

 

Principles of Union Nation Organization

 

• The Organization is founded on the principle of all Members' sovereign equality.

 

• To ensure that all Members have the rights and advantages that come with membership, all Members must fulfill their obligations following the current Charter in good faith.

 

• All Members shall settle international disputes peacefully in such a way that international peace, security, and justice are not jeopardized.

 

• In their international dealings, all Members should refrain from threatening or using force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the United Nations' Purposes.

 

• All Members shall render every aid to the United Nations in any action taken in line with the present Charter and shall refrain from assisting any state against which the United Nations is conducting preventive or enforcement action.

 

• The Organization shall guarantee that states that are not members of the United Nations operate in line with these Principles to the extent required to maintain international peace and security.

 

• Nothing in the present Charter authorizes the United Nations to intervene in matters substantially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state, nor does it require Members to refer such concerns to the present Charter for resolution.